4 Steps for Trump Administration to Resolve the China Trade War

By: J. Norwell Coquillard

Published online on Seattle Times September 12, 2019

The future of U.S.-China relations is critical to the economic well-being of Washington state. China is our state’s most important export destination, source of investment, and trade and commercial partner. The members of the Washington State China Relations Council are deeply concerned with many of the issues and grievances underpinning the current impasse between our two countries. However, we fundamentally disagree with the approaches being taken to address these challenges and the long-term trajectory of the U.S.-China relationship.

China’s economic importance to Washington state cannot be overstated. In 2018, Washington exported $14.3 billion in goods there, including aircraft, medical devices, cherries and machinery. China is also a vital market for many of our state’s leading software, technology and professional-services firms, as well as a leading source of foreign students, tourism spending and investment.

Washington’s ports handled 15.5 million metric tons of cargo to and from China in 2018, although this was down from 25 million metric tons in 2017. More than a third of all containers handled in Washington arrive from or are heading to China. Our state’s global trade and supply chain management system directly employs nearly 100,000 workers in such fields as stevedoring, intermodal and transloading (transferring a shipment from one mode of transportation to another), warehousing, logistics and trade finance.

There are no true winners from a trade war, and Washington is a case in point. China’s retaliatory tariffs weaken the competitiveness of Washington products exported there, hurting our businesses, farmers and workers. Through the first half of 2019, products shipped from Washington subject to China’s retaliatory tariffs were down 31% year-over-year by value, while imported and exported cargo handled at our ports subject to tariffs from either side were down 22%.

Despite the dire state of our trade relationship with China, there is a constructive way forward.

• First, the U.S. and Chinese governments should immediately resume trade talks, and negotiators should come to a resolution on reducing barriers to trade and strengthen provisions that enable businesses to compete in a fair and transparent manner.

• Second, move forward with a positive, incentive-laden framework and set of milestones that effectively address the challenges at the core of trade tensions. The current administration’s approach has thus far been entirely punitive. However, Chinese leaders cannot, and will not, be viewed as capitulating to foreign demands.

Instead, we believe that solution-oriented approaches that establish a framework with the highest standards for trade and enforcement will provide a more constructive, long-term solution. An example of this is the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership, the 11-country trade pact that established universal rules of trade, including strong provisions on intellectual property protection and state-owned enterprises.

The administration’s decision to withdraw the U.S. from the predecessor TPP agreement not only deprived U.S. farmers, producers and consumers from the benefits of the agreement, but eliminated one of the strongest points of leverage for the U.S. and its Asia-Pacific partners to encourage China to step up its market opening and reforms.

• Third, the U.S. must leverage our allies more effectively. Multilateralism is a proven strategy for inducing positive behavior and providing constructive pressure on China. We can work with our allies to identify practices and rules of engagement we expect from China, and thus more effectively hold them accountable.

• Fourth, and most important, define what a successful trade deal looks like. Any subsequent negotiations and resulting Chinese behavior should be evaluated based on this measuring stick.

The relationship between the U.S. and China is, and will continue to be, the most important geopolitical relationship of the 21st century. The council and its members stand ready to support our Congressional delegates and other leaders as a resource and partner. The future health of this relationship matters significantly for Washington state businesses, communities and workers.

The Washington State China Relations Council is the nation’s leading statewide organization dedicated to promoting stronger commercial, educational and cultural engagement with China. The council’s members, comprising more than 100 companies, civic organizations and individuals in Washington state, believe that increased trade, economic cooperation and business activity will lead to greater prosperity in both countries and provide a platform to enhance mutual understanding between the two nations.

A prolonged trade war would devastate Washington’s economy

By: Ann Scott Tyson

Published online on Christian Science Monitor August 6, 2019 https://www.csmonitor.com/USA/2019/0806/For-Northwest-fishermen-latest-catch-is-trade-war-trouble 

As President Donald Trump announced new tariffs on China last week in a trade war with no end in sight, American salmon fisherman Sven Stroosma set his sights on the blue waters of the Gulf of Alaska, piloting his boat Voyager in search of a big salmon catch.

Alaskan salmon are running, and Pacific Northwest fishermen like Mr. Stroosma have only a few intense weeks in July and August to catch enough to sustain their family income for the coming year. Rough seas, equipment failures, and dry streams that limit spawning all threaten to hurt their haul.

This season, the U.S.-China trade conflict has increased pressure on salmon fishermen by depressing the price offered for their hard-earned catch. China, the biggest importer of Alaska seafood, included the industry in a 25% tariff increase imposed last year.

Mr. Stroosma, who has fished salmon for 35 years, says he is being offered only 30 cents a pound for pink salmon this year, compared with 45 cents last year. Chum salmon dropped from 90 cents to 50 cents over the same time period, he says.

“I know the government feels that … China has unfair trade practices with us so we’re playing hardball with them,” Mr. Stroosma says in a call from aboard Voyager, his 58-foot purse seine boat, during a refueling stop. “But this is a small sector of the economy that is being affected pretty seriously.”

The Pacific Northwest and many of its key industries are being hit hard as the U.S.-China trade conflict worsens, raising questions about what localities and businesses can do to defend their economic interests against policies coming from Washington, D.C. With new tariffs in the offing and China no longer the top U.S. trade partner, according to data released last week, groups and officials in areas that rely heavily on the trade relationship with China are speaking out against the economic decoupling.

“We need to get the message inside the Beltway that we are hurting out here and these tariffs are the reason,” says J. Norwell Coquillard, executive director of the Washington State China Relations Council. While he and others agree China should be challenged for its unfair trade practices, including limits on market access and the lack of intellectual property protections, he disagrees with the Trump administration’s tariff strategy. With more than 100 corporate and other members including Boeing, Microsoft, and Starbucks, the council issued a statement in July strongly urging both sides to “find common ground quickly” and move to expand and strengthen U.S.-China trade.

No end in sight
Washington, Alaska, and Oregon are among the top seven states most affected by China’s tariffs, based on a percentage of gross domestic product. U.S. industries most heavily impacted, as measured by total employment, include aircraft manufacturing and fruit farming, according to research by Deutsche Bank. Governors, mayors, and other local leaders are taking the initiative to keep doors open with China for the long term, while lawmakers are lobbying for relief packages.

Washington is the most trade-dependent state in the country, with about 40% of all jobs linked to international commerce, and historically it has been the state with the most trade by value with China, according to a June report by the Seattle-based Washington Council on International Trade. China is Washington’s largest trade partner, with $32.4 billion in two-way trade including $16 billion of exports and $16.4 billion of imports, the report says.

Chinese tariffs will directly or indirectly affect an estimated 28,700 jobs, $1.7 billion in labor income, and $6 billion in business revenue in Washington state, according to a May report by Community Attributes Inc. (CAI), a Seattle-based economic research firm.

Apart from salmon fishermen, Washington’s cherry, apple, and wheat farmers have been hit by the tariffs, allowing producers in other countries to make inroads in China, says Mr. Coquillard. “All these things are devastating to our businesses here.”

The negative impact on Washington’s economy comes not only from falling exports to China, but also the reduction of cargo flows to Pacific ports. The value of cargo subject to tariff increases passing through Washington ports fell from $27 billion in 2017 to $24 billion in 2018, according to the CAI report.

“There are a lot of longshoremen and tugboats and a lot of work done to get those [exports] to China, and we all lose out if that disappears,” Mr. Coquillard says.

Despite such concerns, the U.S. and China appear locked in the trade conflict that experts say is unlikely to end soon. Mr. Trump announced Aug. 1 that the U.S. will impose a 10% tariff on another $300 billion of Chinese imports, starting Sept. 1. On Monday, Beijing appeared to retaliate by allowing its currency to weaken – and the Trump administration promptly designated the country a “currency manipulator.”

China experts doubt Beijing will bow to Mr. Trump’s pressure tactics, but say Washington is also unlikely to back down. “Prosecuting the trade war is a political winner for [Mr. Trump], so for reasons of substance and politics it will be very difficult to move this administration off its current trajectory,” says Scott Kennedy, who directs the Project on Chinese Business & Political Economy at the Center for Strategic & International Studies in Washington, D.C.

Mixed view on “bailouts”
Businesses damaged by the trade spat can move production or investments to avoid tariffs, increase efficiency to absorb added costs, and apply for tariff exemptions. Indeed, “individual company announcements and aggregate trade and investment flows show companies are far into their adjusting to the trade war,” Mr. Kennedy says.

Still, some small-business owners, including salmon fishermen, have limited choices.

“It’s not like they can switch to other species that are not subject to the tariff or have markets beyond China,” said Robert Kehoe, executive director of the Purse Seine Vessel Owners’ Association, a Seattle-based nonprofit organization with nearly 300 members – most of them salmon fishermen – located along the West coast and throughout Alaska. “They don’t have any good options, other than just to keep fishing and get less money for their product.”

Mr. Stroosma and his deckhands – two sons, a nephew, and a friend – use Voyager and a small aluminum skiff to set the large weighted seine, or net, which hangs 100 feet deep in the ocean. They then tighten a purse line at the bottom of the seine to trap schools of salmon and haul them on board with a mechanized winch called a power block. It’s dangerous and demanding work.

“Right now, everybody hopes to be on their A game and be as productive as possible,” says Mr. Stroosma. “When the fish stop running it is like a faucet just turned off. … If you didn’t get what you needed to get or you broke down during the peak times, that can be disastrous for your season.”

By shrinking already narrow price margins, the Chinese tariffs are threatening to push some salmon fishers out of business.

“A lot of people fish year-round to keep the house payments made and the boat payments made,” says Mr. Stroosma, who lives north of Seattle in Mount Vernon. “There are definitely a lot of people struggling right now to make ends meet.”

Lawmakers from Alaska, Washington, and Oregon have lobbied the Trump administration to provide relief for the fishing industry, as it has for farmers, after Mr. Trump announced in May as much as $16 billion in aid for domestic agriculture impacted by China’s tariffs.

“China’s retaliatory actions are taking a heavy toll on Alaska seafood and the consequences … are getting worse,” Alaska’s congressional delegation wrote in a June letter to the U.S. agriculture secretary, saying it is not sustainable for fishermen to continue to absorb the costs. “The Alaska seafood industry cannot effectively compete in the Chinese domestic market” and is losing its edge to Russia and other competitors, the letter says.

In another initiative by lawmakers, Oregon Sen. Ron Wyden and Massachusetts Rep. Seth Moulton introduced legislation in June that seeks to amend the law on disaster relief for fisheries to include harm from tariffs.

Mr. Stroosma has mixed feelings about any government relief.

“Fishermen – probably very similarly to farmers – we are very independent,” says Mr. Stroosma, who first fell in love with salmon fishing when he joined a crew one summer as a 19-year-old University of Washington student to help pay for college. “We don’t like to rely on government bailouts.”

Most important, though, is the strength of U.S. fisheries and the fleet as a food producer. “We are not looking for handouts,” he says, “but if that is what we need to stay viable and make it through this trade problem – it might not be a bad idea.”

Image courtesy of Sven Stroosma

By LINDA DENG in Seattle | China Daily Global

Published on line on China Daily July 26, 2019: http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/a/201907/26/WS5d39d5caa310d830564010ab.html 

Norwell Coquillard has taken the reins at the crucial Washington State China Relations Council (WSCRC) at a pivotal time in the bilateral relationship.

“The US-China relationship is highly contentious and volatile,” he told China Daily. “At times of increased tension between our two countries, it is more important than ever that our organization advance a thoughtful, constructive agenda and support our member companies as they look to navigate this complex landscape.”

Washington is the most trade-driven state in the country, with more than $16 billion in goods exported to China by Evergreen State companies in 2018 alone.

One of those vital Washington state products that Coquillard may have to work on is cherries.

Across China’s metropolises, a burgeoning middle class’ appetite for fresh US cherries has become a casualty of the trade conflict with the US. A business that grew to nearly $200 million in 2017 from nothing in 2000 has now shrunk to little more than a tenth of its volume peak, US customs data show.

With import tariffs for American cherries at 50 percent, Beijing in turn has relaxed regulations on imports from Central Asia — a region central to China-proposed Belt and Road Initiative.

Victor Wang, the China representative of US Northwest Cherry Growers, based in Yakima, Washington, said it took almost two decades of marketing and lobbying to help make US cherries some of the most coveted fruits in China — at one point his suppliers were exporting more to China than to Canada just across the border. But that changed in 2018, when two rounds of Chinese tariff increases, in retaliation for US tariffs, added 40 percentage points to import costs.

Coquillard takes over at WSCRC — the US’ oldest state-level organization focused on strengthening relations with China — as it marks its 40th anniversary. Fortuitously perhaps, it also is the 40th anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic relations between the US and China.

The council has more than 100 members, including local companies, financial institutions, ports, municipal governments, institutions of higher education and cultural organizations.

Coquillard, who grew up in the American Midwest, spent more than three decades living in Asia. In 1998, he went to Shanghai to serve as chairman and president of Cargill Investment (China) Ltd, the China operating company for Cargill, the largest privately held company in the US. During his tenure, the company’s operations in China expanded rapidly, from 300 employees to more than 5,000.

“Vibrant, very stimulating, growing very rapidly and quite an exciting place to be,” was how Coquillard described China, where he had worked for two decades.

Before he moved to Seattle in late 2016, he had served as the chairman and president of Enactus China, the China branch of the US-based nonprofit. Coquillard also is a member of the International Advisory Board of APCO Worldwide, the global communications firm.

Coquillard said he took the post a month ago because he is a firm believer that the economies of the two countries are highly interconnected.

“I hope at this very difficult time we can bring to the council a deep understanding of the bilateral trade, business and cultural relationship, to get the good, neutral relationship back on track so both the United States and China can prosper from it,” Coquillard said.

The WSCRC recently said it would leverage its extensive network and legacy of furthering engagement with China to fortify the state’s strategic position in the bilateral dialogue.

The council has hosted many of China’s most senior officials and prominent business leaders, including all of China’s top leaders from Deng Xiaoping to President Xi Jinping.

Seattle is the only US city besides Washington DC to host all four Chinese leaders.

The council also helped organize the 2014 Bo’ao Forum in Seattle, the first time the event was held on American soil.

Now Coquillard and the council are planning a series of programs to celebrate the organization’s legacy, culminating in an anniversary banquet on Oct 24 in Seattle.

The event will honor the 40th anniversary of the M.V. Liu Lin Hai’s arrival at the Port of Seattle in 1979, the first Chinese ship to make a port call in North America following a 30-year gap in the bilateral trade relationship.

Later that year, the Port of Seattle signed a sister port agreement with the Port of Shanghai, the first such agreement between a Chinese and American port.

He is excited for a return trip to China in November.

“The delegation is mainly Washington state businesspeople, and we probably will attend the China International Import Expo 2019,” Coquillard said.

Reuters contributed to this story.

The Washington State China Relations Council supports the expansion and strengthening of trade links between the U.S. and China. The Council’s members, comprising over 100 companies, civic organizations and individuals in Washington state, believe that increased trade, economic cooperation and business activity will lead to greater prosperity in both countries and provide a platform to enhance mutual understanding between the two nations.

The Council welcomes the resumption of trade talks between the U.S. and China. WSCRC’s members encourage the negotiators to reduce barriers to trade and strengthen provisions that enable corporations to compete in a fair and transparent manner. Our members desire a stable and open commercial relationship with China.

The WSCRC notes that both the U.S. and China have contributed to today’s negative trading environment. The imposition of tariffs by the U.S. has added unforeseen burdens on companies and consumers in both countries. Chinese policies that block market access for foreign companies and insufficiently protect intellectual property have been major contributing factors to today’s trade standoff. In light of recent setbacks in trade negotiations, the Council strongly urges negotiators on both sides to find common ground quickly, to resume normal trading relations and prevent a slowdown in global economic growth.